1. What Is an Off License?
An off license (also written as “off-licence”) is a retail shop in the UK licensed to sell alcohol for consumption off the premises. This includes:
- Corner shops
- Supermarkets
- Newsagents
- Specialist alcohol stores
It differs from pubs or bars, which are licensed for on-premise consumption.
2. What Can an Off License Sell?
In addition to alcohol, most off licenses also sell:
- Tobacco products
- Soft drinks and snacks
- Lottery tickets
- Groceries and convenience items
Some may include services like mobile top-ups or courier pick-ups.
3. What Licence Do You Need to Run an Off Licence?
To legally sell alcohol in the UK, you need:
A. Premises Licence
- Allows a specific address to sell alcohol
- Issued by your local council
- Must include the times and types of alcohol sold
B. Personal Licence
- Allows a named individual to authorise alcohol sales
- Requires passing the Award for Personal Licence Holders (APLH)
- Must be 18+ and have no serious criminal convictions
Every off license must have at least one personal licence holder.
4. How to Apply for an Off Licence
Step-by-step:
- Apply for a premises licence from your local council
- Take and pass the APLH exam
- Apply for a personal licence with proof of training and criminal background check
- Display both licences clearly in the shop
- Follow all conditions (e.g., no underage sales, operating hours)
The full process can take several weeks.
5. Rules and Responsibilities of Off Licence Owners
- No alcohol sales to anyone under 18
- Challenge 25 policy required
- Sales outside licensed hours are illegal
- Must prevent drunkenness and public nuisance
- Alcohol must be stored and labelled correctly
- CCTV and staff training may be required
Breaching licence terms can lead to fines, loss of licence, or prosecution.
6. Costs of Opening an Off Licence
Typical costs include:
- Licence applications (£100–£1,900 based on rateable value)
- APLH course and exam (£150–£200)
- Business rates and rent
- Stock and refrigeration equipment
- Insurance (public liability, employer’s, etc.)
Start-up costs vary depending on size and location.
7. Advantages of Running an Off Licence
- Steady demand for alcohol and everyday goods
- Can operate long hours (if licensed)
- Potential for loyal local customer base
- Low-cost inventory items yield high margins
8. Challenges of Running an Off Licence
- Strict licensing laws and enforcement
- Competition from supermarkets and chains
- Risk of crime or antisocial behaviour
- Seasonal or late-night work required
Success depends on good location, pricing, and compliance.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: Can I sell alcohol online from an off licence?
Yes, but you need a premises and personal licence, and must verify buyers’ age.
Q2: How long does a premises licence last?
It lasts indefinitely but must be maintained and not breached.
Q3: Do I need both licences if I own the shop?
Yes. One is for the shop (premises), and one is for you as a responsible seller (personal).
Q4: What happens if I sell alcohol to a minor?
You can be fined, prosecuted, and lose your licence.
Q5: Can I apply for a licence before renting a shop?
You need a specific address to apply for the premises licence, so the location must be known.
Q6: Is insurance required for an off licence?
Yes. Public liability, employer’s liability, and stock insurance are recommended.
Conclusion
Running an off license can be a profitable business if done legally and responsibly. With the right licences, location, and customer service, it offers a steady income in both urban and rural areas. Always stay up to date with licensing laws to operate safely and successfully.
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