Everything You Need to Know About Spanish Citizenship Application
Introduction to Spanish Citizenship Spanish citizenship offers numerous benefits, including the right to live and work freely in Spain and across the European Union. This guide explains how to navigate the process of applying for Spanish citizenship and the requirements involved.
Ways to Obtain Spanish Citizenship
Pathway
Eligibility
Citizenship by Birth
For individuals born in Spain or to Spanish parents.
Citizenship by Descent
For children or grandchildren of Spanish citizens.
Citizenship by Residence
For long-term residents in Spain.
Citizenship by Marriage
For spouses of Spanish citizens (after 1 year of residence).
Standard Requirement: 10 years of legal residence.
Reduced Periods:
5 years for refugees.
2 years for nationals from Ibero-American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, or Equatorial Guinea.
1 year for spouses of Spanish citizens, children of Spanish nationals, or individuals born in Spain.
3.2 Citizenship by Marriage
Proof of legal marriage to a Spanish citizen and at least 1 year of legal residence in Spain.
3.3 Citizenship by Descent
Direct descendants of Spanish nationals may qualify, even if they reside outside Spain.
Required Documents for Spanish Citizenship
Document
Purpose
Valid Passport
Proof of identity and nationality.
Residence Permit
Evidence of legal residence in Spain.
Birth Certificate
Proof of birth and lineage.
Certificate of No Criminal Record
Issued by Spain and your home country.
Proof of Financial Stability
Bank statements, employment contracts, or tax returns.
DELE and CCSE Test Certificates
Language and cultural integration tests (if required).
Spanish Language and Cultural Tests
DELE (Diploma of Spanish as a Foreign Language)
Applicants must pass at least an A2 level or higher.
CCSE (Constitutional and Sociocultural Knowledge Test)
A test assessing knowledge of Spanish culture, history, and governance.
Steps to Apply for Spanish Citizenship
Step 1: Check Eligibility
Ensure you meet the residency, lineage, or marriage requirements.
Step 2: Prepare Your Documents
Collect all required documents, including translations if necessary.
Step 3: Pass Required Tests
Schedule and complete the DELE and CCSE tests, if applicable.
Step 4: Submit Your Application
Apply online via the Ministry of Justice’s platform or submit in person at the Civil Registry.
Pay the processing fee (approximately €102).
Step 5: Await Decision
Processing can take 1–3 years.
Step 6: Attend the Oath Ceremony
Upon approval, take an oath of allegiance to Spain and renounce your previous citizenship (if required).
Cost of Applying for Spanish Citizenship
Expense
Estimated Cost (EUR)
Application Fee
102
DELE and CCSE Tests
200–300
Translation and Legalization of Documents
Varies by country.
Benefits of Spanish Citizenship
Freedom of Movement: Access to live, work, and travel within the European Union.
Dual Citizenship: Spain allows dual citizenship with Ibero-American countries and a few others.
Voting Rights: Full political participation in Spain.
FAQs About Applying for Spanish Citizenship
How long does it take to get Spanish citizenship? Processing times range from 1 to 3 years, depending on the pathway and complexity.
Can I retain my original citizenship? Spain allows dual citizenship with certain countries. Others may require renunciation.
Do I need to live in Spain to apply for citizenship? Yes, except for citizenship by descent or special programs like for Sephardic Jews.
What happens if my application is denied? You can appeal the decision or reapply after addressing the issues.
Is knowledge of Spanish mandatory? Yes, applicants must demonstrate proficiency at the A2 level or higher.
Conclusion Applying for Spanish citizenship is a rewarding process, offering access to EU benefits and a vibrant culture. By meeting the eligibility criteria, gathering the necessary documents, and navigating the application process, you can successfully become a Spanish citizen and embrace all that Spain has to offer.