How a British Citizen Can Live and Work in the USA Permanently
Moving to the United States is a dream for many British citizens seeking new opportunities, a change of lifestyle, or family reunification. However, obtaining the right to live and work there permanently can be a complex legal process. This guide explains the most practical routes for British citizens — from employment and family sponsorship to investment-based options — to help you make a confident and informed move.
Overview: Moving to the USA as a British Citizen
British citizens must have legal permission to live and work in the USA. This is typically granted through a visa or a green card. The most common options include:
- Employment-based visas
- Family-sponsored green cards
- The Diversity Visa Lottery
- Investment-based green cards
Each route has specific eligibility rules and application steps. Choosing the right one depends on your circumstances, profession, and long-term goals.
Employment-Based Visas for British Citizens
Employment-based visas are one of the most common routes to work in the USA. These can be temporary or lead to permanent residence.
H-1B Visa (Specialty Occupation)
For professionals in fields like IT, finance, or healthcare. You’ll need a job offer from a US employer who sponsors your application. This visa is valid for up to 3 years, extendable to 6.
L-1 Visa (Intra-Company Transfer)
Designed for employees of multinational companies transferring to a US office. It’s available for managers, executives, or those with specialised knowledge.
O-1 Visa (Individuals with Extraordinary Ability)
For individuals with exceptional talent in arts, sciences, business, or athletics. Strong evidence of achievements and industry recognition is required.
E-2 Visa (Treaty Investor Visa)
Available to British citizens who invest a significant sum in a US business. It allows residence while managing your investment, though it does not directly lead to permanent residency.
Employment-Based Green Cards
If your goal is permanent residency, an employment-based green card is the next step. The main categories are:
- EB-1: For those with extraordinary ability, researchers, or senior executives.
- EB-2: For professionals with advanced degrees or exceptional expertise.
- EB-3: For skilled and professional workers filling roles in demand in the US.
These visas require sponsorship and, in some cases, PERM Labour Certification, where the employer proves no suitable US worker is available for the role.
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Family-Based Green Cards
Family sponsorship is another key route. If you have close relatives who are US citizens, they can sponsor your green card.
- Spouse of a US Citizen: Eligible for a CR1 or IR1 visa, which can lead to a green card.
- Parent or Child of a US Citizen: Immediate relatives can apply directly for permanent residency.
- Family Preference Categories: Includes siblings or adult children, though processing may take several years due to visa quotas.
The process involves your relative filing a Form I-130 Petition before you apply for a green card.
The Diversity Visa (DV) Lottery
The Green Card Lottery allocates around 50,000 visas annually to nationals from countries with low immigration rates to the USA. While most of the UK is not eligible, Northern Ireland residents can apply.
Applications are free and made online. Winners must still meet eligibility criteria and pass a background check.
Investment-Based Green Card (EB-5 Visa)
The EB-5 Investor Visa allows British citizens to gain permanent residency through investment. You must invest:
- $1,050,000 in a new commercial enterprise, or
- $800,000 in a Targeted Employment Area (TEA).
The investment must create or maintain at least 10 full-time jobs for US workers. This route suits individuals seeking a direct pathway to a green card through entrepreneurship.
How to Apply for a Green Card as a British Citizen
The process varies depending on your visa category. Generally, it involves:
- Securing a Sponsor: Whether through employment or family.
- Filing a Petition: Your sponsor files with US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
- Consular Processing or Adjustment of Status: Depending on whether you’re in the UK or already in the USA.
- Interview and Approval: Once approved, you’ll receive your green card and can live and work in the USA permanently.
(Suggested internal link placement: insert the link to 👉 “Cost of Living in the UK vs Abroad” here when discussing relocation considerations.)
Practical Considerations for British Citizens Moving to the USA
Social Security and Healthcare
After moving, apply for a Social Security Number (SSN) — required for employment, taxes, and benefits. Note that the USA does not have an NHS equivalent, so private healthcare is essential.
Taxes
Green card holders must pay US taxes on global income. Fortunately, the UK–US double taxation treaty helps prevent being taxed twice on the same income.
Costs and Timelines
Application fees vary by visa type, ranging from a few hundred to several thousand pounds. Processing times depend on category — from months for spousal visas to years for some employment-based green cards.
Becoming a US Citizen
After holding a green card for five years (or three if married to a US citizen), you can apply for naturalisation. This process includes:
- Filing Form N-400
- Passing an English and civics test
- Attending an interview
- Taking the Oath of Allegiance
Becoming a citizen offers benefits such as the right to vote, access to government jobs, and greater security in residency.
Conclusion
For British citizens, living and working permanently in the USA is achievable through several well-defined immigration routes. Whether through employment, family sponsorship, or investment, understanding the eligibility criteria and application process is crucial. With proper preparation and legal guidance, you can confidently take the steps toward your new life in America.
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