Introduction
Spain has long been a favorite destination for British expats looking to enjoy the Mediterranean lifestyle, mild climate, and rich culture. However, following Brexit, UK citizens now face more formal processes when moving to Spain. Whether you’re moving for work, retirement, or just a change of pace, understanding the visa requirements, residency rules, and practical steps involved is crucial for a smooth transition.
In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about relocating from the UK to Spain in 2024, from visa options to finding accommodation, healthcare, and more.
1. Post-Brexit Visa Requirements for Moving to Spain
Since Brexit, UK citizens are no longer covered by EU freedom of movement rules and now require a visa to live in Spain for more than 90 days within a 180-day period. The visa type you need depends on your reason for moving.
1.1 Types of Visas Available for UK Citizens
- Non-Lucrative Visa: This visa is ideal for those who plan to retire in Spain or live off their savings or passive income without working. You must show proof of sufficient financial resources.
- Work Visa: Required if you have a job offer from a Spanish company or are self-employed in Spain. Your employer or you, as a freelancer, will need to provide relevant documentation.
- Golden Visa: For individuals investing at least €500,000 in Spanish property, businesses, or bonds. This visa provides residency for high-net-worth individuals.
- Student Visa: For UK citizens moving to Spain for educational purposes at an accredited institution.
1.2 Short-Term Visits and Schengen Rules
If you plan to stay in Spain for less than 90 days, no visa is required. UK citizens can travel to Spain under the Schengen visa-free regime for up to 90 days in a 180-day period for tourism, business, or short family visits.
2. Applying for Spanish Residency
If you’re moving to Spain for a longer stay or to settle permanently, you’ll need to apply for residency. The process has changed post-Brexit, so it’s important to follow the new steps.
2.1 How to Obtain Residency in Spain
The process for obtaining residency depends on the type of visa you have, but generally includes:
- NIE (Número de Identificación de Extranjero): This is your Foreigner Identification Number, required for legal matters such as opening a bank account, signing rental contracts, or buying property.
- TIE (Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero): This is your Foreigner’s Identity Card, which confirms your residency in Spain. You’ll need to apply for this card within the first 30 days of arrival.
- Registering at Your Local Town Hall: You must also register on the Padrón Municipal, which is the municipal register. This process proves your residence at a local address and is required for accessing healthcare and other services.
3. Finding Accommodation in Spain
Whether you’re renting or buying, finding a place to live is one of the first major steps in your move.
3.1 Renting Property in Spain
Rental prices in Spain vary widely depending on location:
- Madrid and Barcelona are among the most expensive cities, with rental costs for a one-bedroom apartment ranging from €900 to €1,200 per month in the city center.
- Smaller towns and rural areas are much more affordable, with average rents between €500 to €800 per month. Popular websites for finding rentals include Idealista, Fotocasa, and Habitaclia.
3.2 Buying Property in Spain
If you’re considering purchasing property, Spain has no restrictions on foreign ownership. However, you will need your NIE to complete the purchase. For those opting for the Golden Visa, you will need to invest at least €500,000 in Spanish real estate to qualify.
4. Working in Spain
If you plan to work in Spain, you’ll need to secure the appropriate work visa and understand the job market dynamics.
4.1 Securing a Job and Work Visa
- Work Visa: You will need a job offer from a Spanish company or proof that you can support yourself as a freelancer.
- Autónomo: If you plan to work as a freelancer, you will need to register as an autónomo (self-employed person) and submit relevant documentation proving your ability to sustain your business.
4.2 Job Market Overview
Spain has a growing demand in fields such as healthcare, technology, engineering, and education. Networking through platforms like LinkedIn, as well as registering with local recruitment agencies, will help you find job opportunities.
5. Healthcare for UK Citizens Moving to Spain
Spain offers both public and private healthcare services. UK citizens moving to Spain will need to ensure they have the right coverage.
5.1 Accessing Public Healthcare
Once you are a resident and paying into Spain’s social security system through employment, you will be able to access public healthcare. Spain’s public healthcare system is well-regarded, offering a wide range of services at minimal cost to residents.
5.2 Private Healthcare Options
If you are not employed or not contributing to social security, you will need to obtain private health insurance. Private insurance costs can range between €50 and €150 per month, depending on coverage.
5.3 EHIC/GHIC for Short-Term Stays
UK citizens traveling to Spain for short periods can use the Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC), replacing the EHIC, for access to public healthcare in emergency situations.
6. Cost of Living in Spain
The cost of living in Spain is generally lower than in the UK, but it varies significantly by region. Major cities such as Madrid and Barcelona are more expensive, while smaller towns and rural areas offer a lower cost of living.
6.1 Monthly Expenses Breakdown
- Rent: €600-€1,200 per month, depending on location.
- Utilities: Around €100-€150 per month for electricity, water, and internet.
- Groceries: Approximately €250-€400 per month for one person.
- Healthcare: Public healthcare is mostly free, but private insurance costs between €50 and €150 per month.
7. Tax Implications for UK Expats in Spain
When you move to Spain, you will be required to pay taxes if you spend more than 183 days in the country within a tax year. Spain taxes residents on their worldwide income.
7.1 Income Tax in Spain
Spain operates a progressive income tax system, with rates ranging from 19% to 47% depending on income. Ensure you are aware of your tax obligations by consulting a tax advisor familiar with UK-Spain tax treaties.
7.2 Wealth Tax
Spain also has a wealth tax that applies to individuals with significant assets, such as property. This tax ranges from 0.2% to 3.5% of your net wealth.
8. Integrating into Life in Spain
One of the most important aspects of moving to Spain is integrating into the local culture and adjusting to the Spanish way of life.
8.1 Learning Spanish
While many people in Spain speak English, particularly in urban areas and tourist regions, learning Spanish will help you integrate more smoothly into society and navigate day-to-day tasks.
8.2 Social Benefits
Once you are a resident in Spain and contributing to social security, you will have access to a range of benefits, including pensions, unemployment support, and healthcare.
Conclusion: Moving to Spain from the UK
Moving to Spain from the UK after Brexit involves more planning and legal steps, but it remains an attractive option for many Britons seeking a better quality of life. Whether you’re relocating for work, retirement, or adventure, it’s important to familiarize yourself with the visa process, residency requirements, and the cost of living.
By carefully preparing your documentation, choosing the right visa, and getting to know the ins and outs of Spanish life, your transition to living in Spain can be a rewarding and life-changing experience.